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Erich Przywara
Erich Przywara (12 October 1889, Kattowitz28 September 1972, Hagen near Murnau) was a Jesuit priest of German-Polish origin and a prominent Catholic philosopher and theologian of the twentieth century. He is best known for advocating the metaphysical principle of the analogy of being—analogia entis—as a formal principle of Catholic philosophy and theology.
==Life==
Przywara (pron. Zhi-va'-rah) was born in 1889 to a Polish father and a German mother in the upper Silesian (Prussian) town of Kattowitz, today Katowice in Poland. Due to anti-Jesuit laws still in effect in Germany, in 1908 he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Exaten, Netherlands, concluding his philosophical and theological studies at nearby Ignatius College in Valkenburg. From 1913 to 1917 Przywara taught at Stella Matutina, in Feldkirch, Austria, where he also served as the prefect of music. In 1920 he was ordained and in 1922 and in 1922 he moved to Munich, where from 1922-1941 he was part of the editorial team of the journal ''Stimmen der Zeit''.
During this period, Przywara held hundreds of lectures all over central Europe, most famously at the Davos seminar in 1928 and 1929. He was also extremely prolific, authoring between 1922 and 1932 as many as 17 books and 230 articles and reviews (and eventually over 40 books and 800 articles and reviews). During this time he also engaged in ecumenical dialogue with the Protestant theologian Karl Barth, who considered Przywara to be his most serious opponent, indeed "the giant Goliath incarnate," inviting Przywara to his seminars in 1929 (in Münster) and 1931 (in Bonn).〔John Betz, "Translator's Introduction," in Erich Przywara, ''Analogia Entis: Metaphysics: Original Structure and Universal Rhythm'', Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 2014, p. 23〕
On the political front Przywara preached against the Nazis,〔Robert Krieg, ''Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany'', p. 94〕 calling the Nazi regime a "distortion of the Christian imperium of the past";〔Thomas O’Meara, ''Erich Przywara'', p. 8〕 and in 1934, in the spirit of the Barmen declaration, he published an article in which he repudiated the notion of a "people’s church" or ''Volkskirche'', writing that Christians belong ultimately not to any particular people, German or otherwise, but to Christ.〔See "Nation, Staat, und Kirche," ''Stimmen der Zeit'' 125 (1934): 377; ''Analogia Entis,'' "Introduction," p. 25〕 At some point thereafter the Gestapo began to keep tabs on Przywara as a leader of the Catholic resistance, leading to an anxious condition from which he never fully recovered. In the words of Thomas O’Meara, "The priest who had appeared to possess energy without limits became anxious, incapable of work, and erratic, a condition only heightened by the opinions of others that it was partly psycho-somatic, exaggerated, or easily remedied."〔O’Meara, ''Erich Przywara,'' p. 9〕 Przywara’s anxieties turned out to be well founded, however, as in 1941 his editorial office in the Veterinärstrasse was shut down by the Nazis. Nevertheless, he remained active and for the duration of the war was commissioned by Cardinal Faulhaber with the pastoral care of elderly academics in Munich. He also gave regular lectures in the old Bürgersaal and conducted small seminars in private residences on such topics as Hölderlin, Nietzsche, and Rilke. His health, though, continued to decline, leading to multiple interventions by his erstwhile student and lifelong friend Hans Urs von Balthasar, who in 1947 attempted to bring him to Switzerland. Such plans ultimately failed, however, and in 1950 Przywara retired from community religious life in Munich to live in the country in a little village called Hagen, near Murnau. Between 1949 and 1955 he briefly returned to the public spotlight, giving a series of radio talks for the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunk, some of which were later published. During this time he also published some of his wartime manuscripts and lectures, and in the last years of his life he authored a number of new works. He died in 1972 and was interred at the Jesuit cemetery in Pullach.
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